Atlas ukladok pri rentgenologicheskih issledovaniyah: L. Kishkovskiy: 177: Books - Amazon.ca. Try Prime Books Go. Search EN Hello. Sign in Your Account Sign in Your Account Try Prime Wish List Cart 0. Shop by Department. Author(s): Kishkovskiĭ,A N(Al'bert Nikolaevich) Title(s): Atlas ukladok pri rentgenologicheskikh issledovaniiakh/ A.N. Kishkovskiĭ, L.A.

A Boeing strategic bomber being prepared for EMP testing at Trestle in 1982. ATLAS-I (Air Force Weapons Lab Transmission-Line Aircraft Simulator), better known as Trestle, was the for a unique (EMP) generation and testing apparatus built between 1972 and 1980 during the at near in,. ATLAS-I was the largest (Non-Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse) generator in the world, designed to test the of strategic aircraft systems against EMP pulses from.

Built at a cost of $60 million, it was composed of two parts: a pair of powerful capable of simulating the effects of a (HANE) of the type expected during a nuclear war, and a giant wooden built in a bowl-shaped, designed to elevate the test aircraft above ground interference and orient it below the pulse in a similar manner to what would be seen in mid-air. Trestle is the world's largest structure composed entirely of wood and glue laminate. A Rockwell strategic bomber is readied for testing at Trestle in 1989. Note the elevated Marx generator to the right, the aircraft platform in the center, the sensor towers to the sides of the platform and the resistive termination tower at the rear. The electromagnetic pulse was produced by a pair of Marx generators built by Maxwell Laboratories of San Diego, California. The generators were mounted on pedestals constructed of wood in the same manner as the main test platform, one on each side of a large wedge shaped steel structure which acted as a ground plane for the horizontally polarized pulse.

Each Marx generator consisted of a stack of 50 trays, each containing two large capacitors and a plasma switch. A large peaking capacitor, used to adjust the shape of the resulting pulse, was also part of the design. Each generator was enclosed in a large fiberglass structure which was filled with (SF 6) acting as an insulating gas. The tray capacitors were slowly charged such that each tray had up to 100kV of potential. When discharged through the plasma switches, the 50 trays in series could (ideally) produce up to 5 megavolts of electrical potential in a pulse with a rise-time in the 100 nanosecond range. The generators on either side of the wedge were charged to opposite polarities and fired into twin transmission lines (antennas) mounted on either side of the test platform.

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When triggered simultaneously the resulting EM waves from each generator combined at the sharp point of the wedge building, adding to a total of 10. The transmission lines were terminated into a 50 ohm low inductance resistive load mounted on a tall wooden tower at the far end of the platform.

The result was a fast 200 pulse of electromagnetic flux powerful enough to reliably reproduce (at short range) the deleterious effects of a on electronic circuitry as created by such examples as the, and () high altitude nuclear tests. The platform was load tested by driving loaded TEREX mining dump trucks in an array across the deck. Notice Air Force 1 being tested at the neighboring Vertically Polarized Dipole (VPD) EMP test site in this 1979 photograph. Due to their higher flight altitude and nuclear, bombers were the primary object of the tests, but fighters, transport aircraft and even missiles were also tested for EMP hardness on Trestle.

In addition to electronics survivability tests, numerous sensors located inside, beneath and to the sides of the aircraft would gather additional data on the airframe's EMP permeability to be used in design considerations for future Cold War aircraft and to identify areas which needed additional EM hardening. The advances made in EMP generation technology by Sandia during the operation of Trestle greatly assisted in the construction of the much more powerful 40 megavolt, 50 (50,000 gigawatt) at Sandia during the 1990s. Technological advances during the 2000s have since boosted this output to 290 terawatts (290,000 gigawatts), high enough to actually study at the point of detonation. The Trestle facility under construction in 1975.

The height of the termination tower was driven by the need to clear the tail of a C5A Galaxy transport. Trestle structure [ ] The primary wooden structure of Trestle was 1,000 feet long, 125 feet (about 12 stories) tall, and constructed of 6.5 million board-feet of lumber, sufficient to support a fully loaded (then the largest and heaviest in the US inventory) while also minimizing any chance of interference from the ground or the structure itself, creating a reasonable simulation of airborne conditions. A mix of and were used for the timbers, as both showed excellent EMP transparency with the former having the best tensile strength and the latter the best weather resistance. By using an all structure and to mate the giant timbers, with the joints being held together with wooden bolts and nuts, measurements from the EMP tests would not be skewed by large amounts of material in the structure.